听力综合归纳题与推理判断题一样，都是大多数考生的考试难点。此题型测试的重点是从说话人的用词、语气和态度等方面来正确理解说话人所表达的基本意思，综合归纳出说话人的真实意图。这要求考生对听力材料中的各种信息进行综合、归纳，然后在选项中作出正确的选择。本文将就综合归纳题型分别对CET －6听力测试中的对话理解和短文理解进行试题解析。
一．对话理解
结合CET －6听力题的特点，分为以下几种情况：
1．分析判断已知信息中的语气转折。
【试题1】
M：By the way，Jane，did you talk to the consultant about our new health program？
W：I contacted his office，but his secretary said he would be out for lunch until two．
Q：What does the woman mean？
（A）She talked with the consultant about the new program until two．
（B）She could not talk to the con- sultant before two．
（C）She would talk to the consultant during lunch．
（D）She couldn't contact the con- sultant's secretary．（CET－6，2000，6）
［分析］
表示语气转折的连词but是引导重要信息的信号词。一般来说，but后面的句子才是说话者真正要表达的内容，也是回答问题的依据。所以回答该题的关键是对but后面句子意思的理解。从听力材料上看，虽然I contacted his office对Did you talk to the consultant about our new health program？问题作了回答，但似乎回答得不够令人满意，而but his secretary said he would be out for lunch until two．才真正满足了问话人所希望的信息。but后面的信息则对具体情况有了更清楚的说明。所以（B）She couldn't talk to the consultant before two．是正确答案。
【试题2】
W：Have you heard about the plane crash yesterday？It caused 120deaths．I'm never at easewhen taking a flight．
M：Though we often hear about air crashes and serious casual deeds，flying is still one of the safest ways to travel．
Q：What do we learn from this conversation？
（A）The man thinks travelling by air is quite safe．
（B）The woman never travels by plane．
（C）Both speakers feel nervous when flying．
（D）The speakers feel sad about the serious loss of life．（CET－6，2001，1）
【分析】
从整体上理解，对话的中心意思在男士说话部分中。由转折词though构成的句子Though we often hear about air crashes and serious casual deeds只是表示男士承认或赞同女士的看法。而他依然认为Flying is still one of the safest ways to travel．所以（A）The man thinks travelling by air is quite safe．是正确答案。选项（D）和（C）都属于没能抓住对话中心意思的转折。
2．在众多信息中辨认重要信息。
【试题1】
M：The new sales manager says he had never met you before．
W：We've been introduced about three times．He seems a little forgetful．
Q：What do we learn about the new sales manager？
（A）He is very forgiving and tolerant．
（B）He probably has a poor memory．
（C）He is well liked by his customers．
（D）He has been introduced to the staff．（CET－6，2000，6）
【分析】
听力材料中关于the new sales man- ager的信息有：he had never met you before．We've been introduced about three times．He seems a little forgetful．在众多的信息中提炼主要信息就得用“末端中心”这一语言规律。He seems a little forgetful．是对话的信息中心，即主要信息。此外，选项（B）中的a poor memory和a little forgetful是同义转换，它仿佛提醒考生要注意末端中心信息。选项（B） He probably has a poor memory．是正确答案。
“末端中心”是指在通过语言行为传递多条信息时，一般以最后一个信息片段为中心，目的是突出重要信息内容，引起听话人的注意。了解“末端中心”语言规律有助于我们从多条信息中迅速捕捉出其中的重要信息。又如：
【试题2】
M：Jane，what would you do if you were on vacation overseas and lost all your money and credit cards？
W：Well，I guess I'd probably sell my watch and camera，or I might get a job as a waitress somewhere till I made enough money to buy a plane ticket to return home．
Q：What are they talking about？
（A）An invented story．
（B）A real life experience．
（C）An imaginary situation．
（D）A terrible nightmare．（CET－6，2000，1）
【分析】
从四个选项中我们确定了搜索信息的关键不是事件的细节，而是事件发生的背景。除了A real life experience表示真实生活中的一次经历外，其它选项都含有非真实因素。An invented story强调发生在过去的事件；An imaginary situation指假设的，有可能发生的情况；A terrible nightmare是“可怕的”一场梦。了解了所设选项的基本意义后，再根据对话提供的if you were on vacation overseas and lost．．．，I guess I'd probably sell my watch and camera，和I might get a job as a waitress somewhere till．．．等重要信息，其中if you were．．．，
I'd probably．．．，I might．．．等虚拟语气结构表达了一个非真实的情景。所以确定了选项（C）An imaginary situation．为正确答案。
3．综合归纳众多信息。
【试题1】
W：This is Mrs Starched．My heater is not getting any power，and weatherman says the temperature is to fall below zero tonight． Could you get someone to come over and fix it？
M：This is the busiest time of the year，but I will speak to one of our men about going over sometime today．
Q：Whom did Mrs Starched want to come over？
（A）An auto mechanic．
（B）An electrician．
（C）A carpenter．
（D）A telephone repairman．（CET－6，2001，1）
【分析】
虽然不能从众多的已知信息中直接地找到回答Whom did Mrs Starched want to come over？的答案，但对听力材料提供的相关信息稍加分析，答案就一目了然了。综合分析女士提供的两条重要信息：My heater is not getting any power．和Could you get someone to come over and fix it？可以得出结论：She needs a person who can repair her heater．mechanic和 repairman虽然都会修理电器，但它们的定语 auto和telephone与对话材料中的heater并非属于一类，选项（C）A carpenter．更是不符合对话内容。因此选项（B）An electrician．是正确答案。
【试题2】
W：The report says that all departments are making a profit except the Asian Department．
M：Well，Mr Smith seems to be the wrong person to head that department．One more step wrong and he will be removed from that office．
Q：What do we learn from the conversation？
（A）Mr Smith will be replaced if he makes another mistake．
（B）Mr Smith is an admirable chief of the Asian Department．
（C）M r Smith's department is more successful than all the others．
（D）Mr Smith is seldom in his office．（CET－6，1998，6）
【分析】
根据选项中共同的主语，我们预测到谈话的中心人物是Mr Smith，并且要对他进行评述。听力材料中女士用The report says that all departments are making a profit except the Asian Department．陈述了一个事实。接着男士谈到M r Smith seems to be the wrong person to head that department．，综合分析这两条重要信息，可推理出：Mr Smith is the head in the Asian Department．And the Asian Department doesn't make profits partly because of Mr Smith's poor leadership．由此可见选项（B）、（C）都是不正确的。由于存在已分析的原因，One more step wrong and he will be removed from that office．应理解为Mr Smith will be replaced by someone else if he makes one more mistake．所以选项（A）Mr Smith will be replaced if he makes another mistake．为正确答案。
二．短文理解
综合归纳题是短文听力理解测试最难的部分。这类题主要针对短文的主题、中心思想、标题或作者写作意图等问题进行提问。综合理解题要求考生在整体理解短文的基础上，对多条信息进行分析、筛雪归纳出短文的主题或进行综合判断。利用短文中主题句（topic sentence）来理解短文的中心思想是比较可取的方法。主题句概括了短文的主要意思，有时候正确选项就是对原主题句稍加改动而写的。再就是利用选项内容进行预测。如选项中反复出现某个单词，则说明该词是此文的中心词，然后把选项中意思不同的动词、形容词作为选择判断的关键词。
PASSAGE（1）
People in Poland take their pleasure seriously．They like to have an aim even when spending the time which is entirely their own． During the summer，people start work very early in the morning so that they can finish early and enjoy a leisurely afternoon．It is difficult to imagine Polish people going aimlessly for a walk in the country，though they might go to pick wild fruit，to visit a place of historical importance or to walk 20km．as a training exercise．They are often admired for their immense enjoyment of the arts．All the parks are beautifully kept and are for the use and enjoyment of the people． Quite ordinary people will talk with obvious delight about concerts．There is nearly always a crowd at the door of the theatre，asking for returned tickets．People in Poland now have far more leisure time and more money than even before．It is therefore possible to spend the weekends in many new ways．Many people now have over 20 days' holiday a year．This provides an opportunity for holidays in the country or at the seaside．
【试题】
What do we learn from the passage？
（A）The Polish people can now spend their leisure time in various ways．
（B）The Polish people are fond of walking leisurely in the countryside．
（C）The Polish people enjoy picking wild fruit in their leisure time．
（D）The Polish people like to spend their holidays abroad．（CET －6，1999，1）
【分析】
What do we learn from the passage？是综合理解题标准提问方式。从四个选项中意思相同或相近部分：the Polish people，leisure time，leisurely，holidays可预测出回答问题中心是：How do the Polish people spend their leisure time？短文中相关明示They can finish， they might go to pick，to visit，to walk，to talk with．．．说明了短文中波兰人休闲的方式多种多样。选项（A）The Polish people can now spend their leisure time in various ways．概括了短文的主题思想，所以为正确答案。这一点还可从It is therefore possible to spend the weekends in many new ways．中得到印证。
PASSAGE（2）
A team of scientists recently began a project to measure the effects of loud noises on sea-animals．If the sounds don't harm the animals，then the researchers can go ahead with a plan to transmit sound waves through the Pacific Ocean to take earth's temperature．Sound travels faster through warm water than cold water．By analyzing the speed of sound through the ocean over a time，the scientists will be able to determine if our planet is warming up．The experiment was nearly cancelled more than a year ago because environmental groups fear that the sound will confuse or harm the sea-animals．So，scientists are conducting tests on the animals first．The researchers lowered a loud speaker that emits low frequency sound about 1，000 metres beneath the ocean．Scientists at the site transmit sound waves into the ocean．Radio transmitters attached to some of the sea-animals help the researchers keep track of the animals'movements． If sea-animals are distressed by the sounds，they would swim away from speakers．So far，there aren't any signs that the animals are being harmed．Researchers at the site noticed that large numbers of sea-animals swim near the speakerwhether it was turned on or off，but it is still too soon to know for sure，the scientists admit．The test will continue through September．“If all goes well，”they say，“we can begin measuring temperature changes on our planet．”
【试题】
What is the purpose of analyzing the speed of sound through the Pacific Ocean？
（A）To determine whether the Earth's temperature is going up．
（B）To study the behavior of some sea-animals．
（C）To measure the depths of the ocean．
（D）To measure the movement of waves in the ocean．（CET－6，1998，6）
【分析】
这是一道综合分析题。短文介绍了两种实验。一是声波对海洋动物是否有影响；二是利用声波测试地球温度变化。根据对If the sounds don't harm the animals，then the researchers can go ahead with a plan to transmit sound waves through the Pacific Ocean to take earth's temperature．和“If all goes well，”they say，“we can begin measuring temperature changes on our planet．”通过对信息的分析，得知第二个实验建立于第一个实验的基础上。选项（A）指的是第二个实验的目的，选项（B）指的是第一个实验的内容，所以选项（A）To de- termine whether the Earth's temperature is goingup．解答了该题的提问。选项（C），（D）只是凭借对短文中只言片语（sea，animal，wave，ocean等）作出的主观臆测。
